Risk Factors:
Smoking
Exposures: dyes, rubber, leather industry
No screening for early detection
Nursing Assessment:
Gross, painless hematuria
Dysuria, urinary urgency, hesitancy
Diagnostic tests:
Marker: p53 and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in late stage
Surgical Management:
TUR
Radical cystectomy
Adjuvant therapy:
Radiation: external or brachytherapy
Chemotherapy
Invasive: Methotrexate, vincristine, doxorubicin, cisplatin (MVAC)
Superficial: BCG (intravesically for 6 wks)
Categories:
Nursing Management,
Oncology